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Introduction: The study examines the relationship between marketing activities and COVID-19 as a mediating role of performance of micro enterprises in Southeast of Nigeria. Materials and Method: The applied survey research design with close ended questionnaire which was administered to the respondents who were the owners of micro enterprises in South East of Nigeria. The variables used were wearing of mask, hand washing with water and sanitizer, staying at home and keeping social distance which were used as measures of COVID-19 and marketing activities were measured with price, product, promotion and place while performance were measured using expansion, survival, number of employees, and capital employed. The population of the study is the entire micro enterprises in Southeast of Nigeria and the sample size of 389 was derived using Taro Yamane formula. The variables were tested for reliability and result showed that all the variables were reliable. The study used Partial Least Square Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) to test the hypotheses and to determine if there is an effect of independent variables on dependent variable. Results: COVID-19 is significant in enhancing performance of micro enterprises in Southeast of Nigeria and marketing activities is significant in solving COVID-19 problem by Micro enterprises in Southeast of Nigeria while marketing activities is insignificant in achieving performance by Micro enterprises in Southeast of Nigeria. Conclusion: The study recommended that Micro enterprises in Southeast of Nigeria should continue to apply price concept, product concept, promotion, and place strategy in conducting their activities since it helps in solving the problem of COVID-19 and minimize the rate of spread of the virus since marketing activities are conducted by observing the government policies of COVID-19.
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A little more than two decades after the introduction of the first microcavity plasma devices, a growing body of commercial products based on the remarkable properties of these low‐temperature, atmospheric plasmas is now available. Following a brief review of early microplasma lamp development, this article describes microplasma‐based devices and systems currently being manufactured for applications in photolithography, photopatterning, and other nanofabrication processes, such as atomic layer deposition, spectroscopic identification and analysis of materials (including wide bandgap crystals), the disinfection of drinking water in off‐grid communities, deactivating COVID‐19 and other pathogens in air and on surfaces in public spaces, and vacuum ultraviolet lamps for driving atomic clocks. The microplasma‐based treatment of otitis media in the human ear will also be discussed. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Plasma Processes & Polymers is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
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Introduction: The study examined the effect of COVID-19 on the survival strategies of small businesses in Nigeria. Materials and method: The applied survey research design with a close ended questionnaire which was administered to the respondents who were the owners of small businesses in Benue State of Nigeria. The variables used were number of deaths, number of confirmed cases and number of recovery cases which were used as measures of COVID-19 while survival strategies were measured with retrenchment strategies, investment strategies and ambidextrous strategies. The population of the study is the entire small businesses in Benue State of Nigeria and the sample size of 297 was derived using Taro Yamane formula. The variables were tested for reliability and result showed that all the variables were reliable. The study used regression with the aid of SPSS version 20. Results: There was a negative and significant effect of COVID-19 on survival strategies of small businesses in Benue State of Nigeria. Conclusion: The study recommended that small businesses in Benue State should continue to apply survival strategies during COVID-19 such as retrenchment strategies in terms reduction in the number of employments, reduction in expenditure (additional cost or overhead cost) and closure of additional branches of business establishment. They should also continue to adopt investment strategies such as investment in innovation, increase in resources and estimating growth measures of the firms.
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Introduction: in the present study, the effects of the frequency of experienced malaria and flu/cold on the symptom severity in patients with COVID-19 were investigated. Materials and Method: Subjects were those who experienced COVID-19 and recovered. Eighty-one subjects were included in the study. All of them were voluntarily to participate in this study (51 men and 30 women). Out of 81 cases, 48 were expat and 33 were Nigerian. Data was collected by using an online survey. The survey was shared by using social media. Results: The number of symptoms and overall symptom severity were higher in people with 2 or more malaria than in people with 1 or zero malaria in the last year. However, there is no difference between people with 2 or more flu and people with 1 or zero flu. Conclusion: These results show that to have malaria disease before aggravates COVID-19 symptoms. Therefore, it can he stated that malaria is additional risk factor for COVID-19. Precautions to decrease malaria infections in Nigeria can be beneficial to decrease COVID-19 cases and deaths of COVID-19.
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Introduction: The study examined the effect of COVID-19 on the growth of small businesses in Nigeria. Materials and Method: In this study, survey research design was used with the aid of a close ended questionnaire which was administered to the respondents who were the owners of small businesses in FCT, Nigeria. The variables used were social distancing, lockdown, face mask and washing of hands which were used as measures of COVID-19 while number of customers, increases in sales or patronage and number of employees were used as measures of growth. The population of the study is the entire small businesses in FCT, and the sample size of 253 was derived using Taro Yamane formula. The variables were tested for reliability. The study used regression with the aid of SPSS version 20. Results: There was a negative and significant effect of COVID-19 on the performance (growth) of small businesses in Nigeria. Conclusion: The study recommended that Government of Nigeria especially Federal Capital Authority Administration in Nigeria should ensure provide financial assistance to small businesses to recover from the negative effect of COVID-19. They should encourage small businesses by removing them from multiple taxations so they can survive their businesses.
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Introduction: In the present study, three aims were targeted, (1) Determination of symptom spectrum and the evaluation of severity and duration of symptoms in patients with COVID-19, (2) Determination of the effects of some demographic characteristics on symptom severity and duration and (3) Determination of the effects of race (Nigerians and expats) and (4) age group. Materials and Method: Subjects were those who experienced COVID-19 and recovered. Eighty-one subjects were included in the study. All of them accepted to participate in this study (51 men and 30 women). Out of 81 cases, 48 were expat and 33 were Nigerian. Data was collected by using an online survey. The survey was shared by using social media. Results: The severities of generalized body pain, loss of smell, fatigue, headache were moderate or severe. The duration of generalized body pain, loss of smell and fatigue were higher than 1-3 days. Some symptoms were higher in women than in men. There was no race related in symptom severity or duration. Only breath difficulty was higher in 35-45 age group. Conclusion: These results show that COVID-19 cases in Nigeria are quite low compared to other world countries. In general, the severities and durations of COVID-19 symptoms were so weak.
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Background: The coronavirus which initially appeared in China in December 2019 was later declared global pandemic in the year 2020. It has caused a devastating effect on daily lives, public health, and the global economy. Early detection of positive cases is overly critical to prevent further spread of the pandemic and to quickly treat affected patients in isolation. Which is why introduction to fast and accurate alternative of diagnosing the virus is very vital. Methods: An AI technique called deep learning which is most applied to analyze visual imagery like radiological images, This AI technique uses convolutional neural networks (CNN) to analyze the images, AlexNet is the CNN model used for this research. Several studies suggest that medical images contain salient information about the Covid-19 virus, which is why applying such advanced artificial intelligence (AI) techniques coupled with radiological imaging can be helpful for the accurate detection of this disease with a huge potential to address the problem of a limited to no specialized physicians in remote areas like Nigeria's most vulnerable regions. Results: Initially, the model gave high accuracy of 97.97%, this was suspected to be overfitting. This was corrected by increasing the dataset and applying cross validation thereby reducing noise by giving a lower accuracy to 85% and also increasing its specificity. Conclusions: The aim of the study was to introduce an alternative way of diagnosing the Covid-19 asides from the PCR that is currently the most popular one, this has been archived by our working system and the waiting time has been reduced from 24-48hours to 58 minutes. Secondly, to identify a suitable model in Deep learning in medical science and to measure the performance and to access the effectiveness of the chosen model Alexnet in terms of accuracy, precision, recall &F1score. We archived this by striking a balance in the high percentile number of the following terms and reducing it to a more believable, reliable, and accurate figure.
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COVID-19 pandemic experiencing a growing number of spreads in various regions globally. The suppress of the number should be the responsibility of the Country's authority for such deployments. Each Country had its handling patterns as well as communities with different compliance in following existing policies. This study aims to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on the ways of handling COVID-19 with differences in compliance levels of Indonesian and Malaysian. This type of research is a mix of methods. This research shows a difference in COVID-19 handling patterns between Indonesia and Malaysian. Malaysia treatment patterns show many positive impacts seen from the significant decline in the number of corona patients. At the same time, Indonesia still encounters various problems in poorly organized handling patterns with the consequence of the high number of corona patients drastically. The improper handling pattern in Indonesia results in a lack of compliance by the existing community, which is different from Malaysia that shown an increase in community compliance after good handling patterns are implemented.
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Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown period may have serious negative effects on education in secondary schools. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyles of Nigerian secondary school students. Materials and Method: 135 senior and 152 junior secondary school students were included in the study. Data was collected by using a survey about their lifestyle changes during COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Nigerian secondary school students reported a decrease in their duration of study and interaction, an increase in duration of internet use and both on-and off-line games during the pandemic lockdown. Also, they reported an increase in their duration of exercise and a decrease in their duration of sport. Additionally, students reported an increase in their both duration of sleeping and in their body weights. Conclusion: There are some negative lifestyle changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The long-period lockdown may be harmful on the lifestyles of students. Governments should take into consideration the scientific reports.